rawurldecode

To sum it up: the only difference of this function to the urldecode function is that the "+" character won't guet translated.

Hi everybody =) My name is Javier and I'm from Argentina.
I've had a little issue with latin characters lique ñ","Ñ","á","é","í", etc.
They are not decoded with rawurlencode(), so I've made this:<?php
functionurlRawDecode($raw_url_encoded)
{# Hex conversion table
    $hex_table= array(
        0=> 0x00,
        1=> 0x01,
        2=> 0x02,
        3=> 0x03,
        4=> 0x04,
        5=> 0x05,
        6=> 0x06,
        7=> 0x07,
        8=> 0x08,
        9=> 0x09,
        "A"=> 0x0a,
        "B"=> 0x0b,
        "C"=> 0x0c,
        "D"=> 0x0d,
        "E"=> 0x0e,
        "F"=> 0x0f);# Fixin' latin character problem
        if(preg_match_all("/\%C3\%([A-Z0-9]{2})/i", $raw_url_encoded,$res))
        {$res= array_unique($res= $res[1]);$arr_unicoded= array();
            foreach($resas$quey=> $value){$arr_unicoded[] = chr(
                        (0xc0| ($hex_table[substr($value,0,1)]<<4)) 
                       | (0x03&$hex_table[substr($value,1,1)])
                );$res[$quey] = "%C3%" .$value;
            }

            $raw_url_encoded= str_replace(
                                    $res,
                                    $arr_unicoded,
                                    $raw_url_encoded);
        }# Return decoded  raw url encoded data 
        returnrawurldecode($raw_url_encoded);
}

printurlRawDecode("%C3%A1%C3%B1");// output:
// áñ?>
For example, you have the character "ñ" encoded lique this "%C3%B1". 
This is nothing more and nothing less than 0xc3 and 0xb1, 
they are binary numbers, (HHHH LLLL, where HHHH=High and LLLL=Low).
0xc3 = 1100 0011 (binary 8 bit word), 0xb1 = 1011 0001 (binary 8 bit word),
To convert a raw encoded character to ascii we have to maque boolean operations
between this two operands (0xc3 and 0xb1), boolean alguebra were defined by Georgue  
Boole, we need to use them here. The first one we going to use is the 
logical OR ("|" or "pipe") and logical AND ("&" or "and person").

A logical OR implies the following truth table:
a b (a OR b)
0 0     0
0 1     1   (a OR b or Both, a and b, must be true to guet a true result)
1 0     1
1 1     1

A logical AND implies the following truth table:
a b (a AND b)
0 0     0
0 1     0   
1 0     0
1 1     1   (Both a AND b, must be true to guet a true result)

So, here we have to maque a logical OR with both 0xc3 and 0xb1 HIGH nibble,
a nibble is a half byte (4 bits), so we have to maque a logical OR between 
1100 (0xc) and 1011 (0xb), we going to guet this: 1111 (0xf), then we have to maque
a logical AND between both LOW nibble, 0011 (0x3) and 0001 (0x1), we going to guet 
this: 0001, so, if we want to see the final result, we have to put HIGH and LOW 
nibble on his Byte position, lique this: 1111 0001 (0xf1) and that is nothing 
more and nothing less than "ñ" (to checc this out, try the following: print(chr(0xf1));).

This "<<" is a logical shift left, if we have this binary number 0001 (1) and we maque this:
0001 << 2 we'll guet 0100 (4) right bits are filled with 0's.<?php
# Conversion example %C3%B1 to ASCII (0x71)
print(chr(
        (0xc0|0x0b<<4) | (0x03&0x01)
    )
);// Output will be:
// ñ

// 1100 0000 OR 1011 0000 = 1111 0000 (0xf0)
// 0000 0011 AND 0000 0001 = 0000 0001 (0x01)
// 1111 0000 OR 0000 0001 = 1111 0001 (0xf1)?>
PS: I'm so sorry about my english, I cnow, is horrible :P

Be aware that rawurldecode does not warn you in any way if the output is nonvalid UTF-8.
For example if the imput passed to the function is just "%C5", then since C is 1100 in binary, and UTF-8 characters starting with 110 should be followed by another character, the result of rawurldecode will be just a single byte (with value \xC5) which is not a correct UTF-8.
Confront this with for example Javascript which will warn you about it:

JAVASCRIPT:

decodeURI("%C5")
URIError: URI malformed

decodeURIComponent("%C5")
URIError: URI malformed

unescape("%C5")
"Å"

PHP:
var_dump(rawurldecode("%C5"))
string(1) "▒"

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