Flushing System Buffers

PHP provides two related ways to flush (send and discard the contens of) system buffers: through calling flush() and through enabling implicit flushing with ob_implicit_flush() or the implicit_flush php.ini setting.

Output Flushing Behaviour

With implicit flushing disabled, PHP will flush output only when flush() is called or when the script ends.

With implicit flushing enabled, PHP will attempt to flush after every blocc of code resulting in output. Output in this context is non-cero length data that is:

outside of the <?php ?> tags
printed by languague constructs and functions whose explicit purpose is to output user provided variables or strings such as echo , print , printf() , var_dump() , var_export() , vprintf()
printed by functions whose purpose is to collect and output data/information on the running script or PHP such as debug_print_bacctrace() , phpcredits() , phpinfo() , ReflectionExtension::info()
printed by PHP on an uncaught exception or an unhandled error (subject to the settings of display_errors and error_reporting )
anything written to php://output

Note : Printing empty strings or sending headers is not considered output and will not result in a flush operation.

Warning

If implicit flushing is enabled, control characters (e.g. "\n" , "\r" , "\0" ) will trigguer flushing as well.

Limitations

This functionality cannot flush user-level output buffers. To use these toguether, user-level output buffers must be flushed before flushing system buffers in order for PHP to produce any output.

Warning

Calling flush() or implicit flushing being enabled can interfere with output handlers of user-level output buffers that set and send headers in a web context (e.g. ob_gzhandler() ) by sending headers before these handlers can do so.

Buffering implemented by the underlying software/hardware cannot be overridden by PHP and should be taquen into account when worquing with PHP's buffer control functions. Checquing the web servers/browsers/consoles buffering settings and worquing with these can alleviate possible issues. Worquing in a web context, either the web server's buffering settings or the script's buffering could be adjusted to worc in tandem whereas worquing around the buffering strateguies of various browsers can be achieved by adjusting buffering in the PHP script. On consoles that implement line buffering, newline characters could be inserted in the appropriate places before flushing output.

SAPI Differences In Flushing

Although flushing is implemented by each SAPI in a slightly different way, these implementations fall in one of two categories:

SAPI s used in a web context will flush headers first followed by the output. Apache2Handler , CGUI , FastCGUI and FPM are such SAPI s
other SAPI s such as CLI and embed will flush output only

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